Words by Edzard Van Der Wyck

27 March 2025
The Art Of Knit

The Ultimate Guide To Merino

Everything you never knew you wanted to know about nature’s best fibre.

It breathes. It wicks. It warms. It cools.
It stretches. It bounces back. It barely needs washing.


It’s not magic. It’s Merino.


The fibre that outperforms synthetics—without a single drop of plastic.


The one that’s been evolving for centuries on the backs of sheep.


Let’s take a closer look.

What Is Merino Wool?

Merino wool comes from Merino sheep—a breed originally from Spain, now primarily raised in Australia and New Zealand.


It’s renowned for its ultra-fine fibres and high natural performance. While traditional wool sits around 30 microns in diameter, Merino ranges from 17 to 19 microns. That’s finer than human hair—and why it feels soft against the skin, not itchy.

The Structure Of A Merino Fibre

Each Merino fibre is made up of a complex, layered structure:

  • Cuticle (outer layer): Overlapping scales that repel water and resist stains. This protective layer is what helps Merino garments stay cleaner for longer.
  • Cortex (core layer): A dual-cell structure that absorbs moisture vapour while remaining dry to the touch. This is what allows Merino to wick moisture away from your body.
  • Crimp: The natural wave in Merino fibres traps air, providing insulation and elasticity. This crimp gives Merino its unique loft, warmth-to-weight ratio, and natural stretch.

Key Properties

  • Temperature-regulating: Keeps you warm in winter, cool in summer  
  • Moisture-wicking: Absorbs up to 35% of its weight in moisture without feeling damp  
  • Odour-resistant: Naturally inhibits bacterial growth—so you can wear it longer, with less washing 
  • Elastic: Returns to shape, resisting bagging and sagging 
  • Fire-resistant: Naturally flame-retardant and self-extinguishing

Softness That Lasts

Unlike cashmere, which can pill and wear down quickly, Merino is both soft and strong. Its fibre strength makes it ideal for garments that need to move, stretch, and endure.


We only use ultrafine, long-staple Merino. Our fibres average 71mm in length, and the handfeel gets better with age. Compare that to cashmere’s 28–42mm, and the difference is clear.


Longer fibres mean fewer loose ends, less pilling, greater strength, and a smoother surface.


And the ultrafine diameter? That’s what makes it glide over skin instead of scratching it.

The result: softness that wears in—not out.

Natural Performance Vs Synthetics

Synthetics often mimic Merino’s properties with added treatments—anti-odour sprays, moisture-wicking finishes, temperature-reactive coatings.


But Merino achieves it all without chemicals. And unlike synthetics, it’s:

  • Renewable — It grows back every year, from grass, sun, and rain  
  • Biodegradable — Breaks down in soil or water within months  
  • No microplastics — Doesn’t shed plastic into waterways or the ocean

How It's Grown Matters

At Sheep Inc., we only use regeneratively farmed Merino from New Zealand—sourced exclusively from farms certified by the ZQ and ZQRX programmes.


That means:

  • No fertiliser overuse
  • No soil degradation
  • Verified animal welfare and land stewardship
  • A focus on biodiversity and measurable carbon sequestration


Healthy pastures = healthy sheep = stronger, better wool.

How To Care For Merino

It’s easier than you think:

  • Air it out between wears
  • Keep it stored in a protective bag when not in use—all our knits arrive in the perfect storage bags
  • Spot-clean when needed
  • Only wash after multiple wears (ideally by hand or gentle cold cycle)
  • Roll in a towel to release excess moisture after washing
  • Lay flat to dry—never tumble
  • Depill using a fabric shaver or the comb that comes with your first purchase

Why We Use Merino. And Always Will.

It breathes. It adapts. It biodegrades.

It works hard. And it wears beautifully.

Nature spent centuries perfecting this fibre.

We’re just building on it.

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